Monday, February 4, 2019

The Garden of Cinematic Art: The Lives of Those Condemned to the 'Chaotic Hell' of Capernaum


             A thin, undersized boy of -- possibly -- twelve does chores for his family. Bargaining with street merchants, stretching a little money, knowing his way around. The street is a densely crowded shantytown of ad-hoc markets. A "slum." We have already been shown an airplane view of this district. It looks like a refugee camp for people fleeing a war zone. Those black circles on all the flat roots, turn out, when we get closer to them to be automobile tires laid on top of tarpaulins to keep the rain out, and perhaps the sun off, the flat roofs.
            The boy drags his purchases into a deteriorating building and up a narrow stairway. His second floor apartment is flooded. His mother, in a state of near derangement, anger and despair, is trying to soak up water while swearing at the landlord. This happens whenever he takes a shower, she complains, but he won't fixing the leaky pipes. The family can't demand anything of him him, however, since they're living on his sufferance, can't pay rent and are afraid he'll throw them out.
            The boy's family has nothing. No money, power, well-connected friends, education, or viable connections to a civil society. Their children don't have birth certificates. Nobody has a job.
            But they do have six or seven children (the parents don't seem sure). The father, who's only seen sitting on the couch, protests that he has no idea how any of this has happened to him.
            Zain, the streetwise 12 year-old, is the eldest. When he notices that his sister closest in age has spotted a sheet (the children don't have a bed; they sleep on a sheet on the floor) with blood, he helps her hide the evidence of menstruation from her parents. Who, he warns her, will 'sell' her to a neighborhood loser who lusts for her once they find out she's now 'a woman,' even though she's only eleven.
            As it turns out, Zain, who loves his sister more than anyone in his world, has good reason for his fears.
            This is not the Middle Ages. This film is not set in one of the world's poorest, most backward countries.
            This is, we are told, Lebanon, and the slum or shantytown whose rooftops we have glimpsed from above is in Beirut.
            Oddly, we have been to this city seven times and never glimpsed anything remotely resembling the images we are seeing on the screen.
            How well hidden are the lives of the poor. 
            
The most important thing I can tell you about this movies is that you must see it. 
          What else I can tell you without spoiling too much, and because you will find this information prominently in any newspaper or online review, is the movie centers on Zain's subsequent struggle to maintain a caring, wholly committed custody of one-year-old baby who has been separated from his mother -- for reasons I won't go into here.
            But know that the baby is Ethiopian. 
            Yes, although the version of Lebanon we are seeing here does not seem terribly inviting, people come from other countries, such as Ethiopia, to seek work in this country of crowded avenues, luxury hotels, lovely beaches, and exquisite restaurants (none of which are featured in this film). They come from the Philippines and South Asia as well. And sometimes, to use the smear-word American politics has bequeathed to the world, they are "illegals." 
            Also, not included in the tally above, Lebanon is also the host country for millions of Palestinian (since the late 1940s) and Syrian (from the start of the civil war) refugees. 
             Know also that both the boy who plays Zain, and the toddler who is far too infantile to know that he is 'performing' are tremendous screen presences.
            And as tough their circumstances become, neither gives into them -- neither stops doing the best he can.
            And so while we root for Zain to survive, get by, figure things out, and find some sort of opportunity for a decent life -- not to mention 'justice' for what he and other children have suffered, we are also getting an unforgettable tour of life on the street in refugee-like conditions, revealed by a brilliant guide in a brilliant and positively riveting film.

            A few other considerations. As I learned from reading an interview, the part of Zain is played by 12 year-old also named Zain, who was in fact a Syrian refugee living Lebanon (as millions do), though his film character is Lebanese.
            It seems clear to me that director Nadine Labaki has clearly avoided any grounds for putting the blame for the poverty her film portrays on the presence of Syrian refugees. She also portrays Zain's family without any religious affiliation -- you can't blame his parents' hopeless, backward worldviews on either Islam or Christianity, both large presences in Lebanon, and Syria, and of course throughout the Middle East.
            It's also worth noting that many of the film's Lebanese characters behave in kind and responsible ways. The Ethiopian mother is more sinned against than sinning. And we are treated, near the end, to scenes of jails filled with the 'undocumented' nationals from many other countries.   
            The film left me pondering some wider questions. 
            What does it take for people born in impoverished circumstances (in poor countries, of course, but also in more prosperous ones such as the US) to survive? Does their life have to be so hard? 
             Should we still be in the business of discouraging them from moving about the world in hopes of a better chance at life. 
            And, possibly, deeper ones:
            What's wrong with the human race? Or with human societies? Or people, period?

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